Table of Contents for Drug Treatments for Leading Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases
|
INTRODUCTION |
XX |
|
OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF THE STUDY |
XX |
|
CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM |
XX |
|
SCOPE AND CONTENT |
XX |
|
METHODOLOGY |
XXI |
|
INFORMATION SOURCES |
XXI |
|
ABOUT THE AUTHOR |
XXI |
|
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS |
XXII |
|
BCC ONLINE SERVICES |
XXII |
|
DISCLAIMER |
XXIII |
|
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
XXIV |
|
Summary Table: |
XXIV |
|
Summary Figure: |
XXV |
|
OVERVIEW |
1 |
|
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM |
1 |
|
ROLE OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IN ENDOCRINE FUNCTION |
1 |
|
Table 1 HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROHORMONES |
2 |
|
TYPES AND ACTIVITIES OF NEUROHORMONES PRODUCED BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS |
3 |
|
ENDOCRINE DISEASES |
3 |
|
HYPERTENSION |
4 |
|
Hypertension (Continued) |
5 |
|
The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure |
6 |
|
Table 2 EFFECTS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS ON SELECTED CORONARY RISK FACTORS |
7 |
|
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure |
8 |
|
Table 3 CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE FOR ADULTS AGE 18 YEARS AND OLDER |
8 |
|
INFERTILITY |
9 |
|
Prevalence of Infertility |
10 |
|
Causes of Infertility |
10 |
|
Infertility Factors |
10 |
|
Female Factors |
10 |
|
Tubal Factors |
11 |
|
Ovulation Factors |
12 |
|
Amenorrhea |
13 |
|
Amenorrhea (Continued) |
14 |
|
Amenorrhea (Continued) |
15 |
|
Anovulation |
16 |
|
Table 4 CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC ANOVULATION |
17 |
|
Luteal Phase Dysfunction |
18 |
|
Endometriosis |
19 |
|
Endometriosis (Continued) |
20 |
|
Fibroids |
21 |
|
Other and Unknown Factors |
21 |
|
Cervical Factors |
21 |
|
The Role of Relaxin |
22 |
|
Male Factors |
22 |
|
Varicocele |
23 |
|
Genetic Factors |
23 |
|
Microdeletions of the Y-Chromosome |
23 |
|
Congenital Bilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens |
24 |
|
A-MYB Gene and its Relation to Male Infertility |
24 |
|
Reduced Spermatogenesis |
24 |
|
Hypogonadism |
25 |
|
Environmental Factors |
26 |
|
Treatment Protocols |
27 |
|
THYROID DISORDERS |
28 |
|
Functions of the Thyroid Hormones |
29 |
|
Clinical Evaluation of Thyroid Disorders |
29 |
|
Table 5 LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THYROID DISORDERS |
30 |
|
Hyperthyroidism |
30 |
|
Table 6 CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERTHYROIDISM |
31 |
|
Graves' Disease |
31 |
|
Hypothyroidism |
32 |
|
Thyroiditis |
32 |
|
METABOLIC DISEASES |
33 |
|
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
34 |
|
Hypercholesterolemia (Continued) |
35 |
|
Hypercholesterolemia (Continued) |
36 |
|
Relationship of Cholesterol to Cardiovascular Disease |
37 |
|
OBESITY |
38 |
|
Drug Treatment for Obesity |
39 |
|
Alternative Treatments for Obesity |
39 |
|
METABOLIC SYNDROME |
40 |
|
Table 7 BODY MASS INDEX RATIOS AND CLASSIFICATION OF OBESITY |
40 |
|
METABOLIC SYNDROME (CONTINUED) |
41 |
|
ENDOCRINE DISEASES - APPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS |
42 |
|
HYPERTENSION |
42 |
|
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION |
42 |
|
Adrenergic Inhibitors |
42 |
|
Table 8 SELECTED ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS: PRECAUTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS |
43 |
|
The Market for Adrenergic Inhibitors |
44 |
|
Table 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
44 |
|
Figure 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ADRENERGIC INHIBITORS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
44 |
|
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
45 |
|
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (Continued) |
46 |
|
Table 10 SELECTED ACE INHIBITORS: PRECAUTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS |
47 |
|
The Market for ACE Inhibitors |
47 |
|
Table 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ACE INHIBITORS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
47 |
|
Figure 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ACE INHIBITORS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
48 |
|
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists |
48 |
|
The Difference Between ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Inhibitors |
49 |
|
The Market for Angiotensin II Inhibitors |
50 |
|
Table 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ANGIOTENSIN II INHIBITORS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
50 |
|
Figure 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ANGIOTENSIN II INHIBITORS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
50 |
|
Beta Blockers |
51 |
|
Table 13 SELECTED BETA BLOCKERS: PRECAUTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS |
52 |
|
Usage Trends of Beta Blockers |
53 |
|
The Market for Beta Blockers |
53 |
|
Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BETA BLOCKERS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
53 |
|
Figure 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BETA BLOCKERS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
54 |
|
Calcium Channel Blockers |
54 |
|
Table 15 SELECTED CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS: PRECAUTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS |
55 |
|
Table 15 (CONTINUED) |
56 |
|
Calcium Channel Blocker Usage |
56 |
|
The Market for Calcium Channel Blockers |
57 |
|
Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
58 |
|
Figure 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
58 |
|
Combination Products |
58 |
|
The Market for Combination Antihypertensive Products |
59 |
|
Table 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR COMBINATION ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
59 |
|
Figure 6 GLOBAL MARKET FOR COMBINATION ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
60 |
|
Treatment Regimens |
60 |
|
The Market for Selected Drugs to Treat Hypertension |
61 |
|
Table 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SELECTED PRESCRIPTION PRODUCTS TO TREAT HYPERTENSION BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
61 |
|
Table 19 U.S. MARKET FOR PRESCRIPTION PRODUCTS TO TREAT HYPERTENSION, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
62 |
|
Figure 7 U.S. MARKET FOR PRESCRIPTION PRODUCTS TO TREAT HYPERTENSION, 2004-2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
62 |
|
Products in Development for the Treatment of Hypertension |
62 |
|
Table 20 SELECTED DRUGS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION |
63 |
|
Aliskiren |
64 |
|
Clevelox |
64 |
|
Darusentan |
64 |
|
Imidapril |
65 |
|
Nebivolol |
65 |
|
PW2101 |
65 |
|
Tadalafil |
66 |
|
INFERTILITY |
66 |
|
ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES |
66 |
|
Table 21 CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES |
67 |
|
Table 21 (CONTINUED) |
68 |
|
Table 22 U.S. ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURE VOLUMES, THROUGH 2011 |
68 |
|
Table 22 (CONTINUED) |
69 |
|
Success Rates for ART |
69 |
|
Table 23 U.S. PREGNANCY SUCCESS RATES FOR ART PROCEDURES, 1998 |
69 |
|
Table 24 U.S. PREGNANCY SUCCESS RATES FOR ART PROCEDURES, NONDONER EGGS, 2003 |
70 |
|
Table 25 U.S. PREGNANCY SUCCESS RATES FOR ART PROCEDURES, DONOR EGGS, 2003 |
70 |
|
Success Rates for ART (Continued) |
71 |
|
Success Rates for ART (Continued) |
72 |
|
Semen Processing |
73 |
|
Intrauterine Insemination |
73 |
|
In Vitro Fertilization |
73 |
|
In Vitro Fertilization (Continued) |
74 |
|
Table 26 EFFECT OF PREVIOUS UNSUCCESSFUL IVF ATTEMPTS ON LIVE BIRTH RATE PER CYCLE |
75 |
|
Table 27 EFFECT OF AGE OF WOMAN ON IVF LIVE BIRTH RATE PER CYCLE |
75 |
|
Table 28 EFFECT OF CAUSE OF IVF INFERTILITY ON LIVE BIRTH RATE PER CYCLE |
76 |
|
Table 29 U.S. IN VITRO FERTILIZATION PROCEDURE VOLUMES, THROUGH 2006 |
76 |
|
Ooplasmic Transfer |
77 |
|
Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer |
78 |
|
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer |
78 |
|
Table 30 U.S. GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER AND ZYGOTE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER PROCEDURE VOLUMES, THROUGH 2006 |
79 |
|
Tubal Embryo Transfer |
79 |
|
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection |
80 |
|
U.S. FERTILITY CLINICS SERVE THE WORLD MARKET |
80 |
|
THE FUTURE OF BIOTECH IN REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY |
81 |
|
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT |
81 |
|
THE INFERTILITY TREATMENT MARKET |
81 |
|
Current Status of the Infertility Market |
81 |
|
Fertility Treatment Market Projections |
82 |
|
Table 31 U.S. MARKET FOR INFERTILITY TREATMENT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
82 |
|
Table 32 U.S. COSTS OF INFERTILITY DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENTS, 2005 ($) |
83 |
|
FERTILITY DRUGS |
83 |
|
Table 33 SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF FEMALE INFERTILITY |
83 |
|
Table 33 (CONTINUED) |
84 |
|
Major Participants in the Fertility Drug Market |
84 |
|
Table 34 MANUFACTURERS OF FERTILITY DRUGS AND THEIR PRODUCTS |
84 |
|
Table 34 (CONTINUED) |
85 |
|
Genetically Engineered Products Take Over the Market |
85 |
|
Increasing Focus on the Treatment of Male Infertility |
86 |
|
Leading Fertility Drugs |
86 |
|
Table 35 LEADING FERTILITY DRUGS BY INDICATION |
87 |
|
Bromocryptine Mesylate |
87 |
|
Cetrotide |
87 |
|
Chlorotriansene |
88 |
|
Clomiphene Citrate |
88 |
|
Danazol |
89 |
|
Estrogens |
89 |
|
Estradiol Valerate |
90 |
|
Esterified Estrogens |
90 |
|
Estrone |
90 |
|
Estropipate |
90 |
|
Ethinyl Estradiol |
91 |
|
Gonadorelin Acetate |
91 |
|
Gonadotropins |
91 |
|
Table 36 GONADOTROPIN USAGE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES (ESTIMATED NUMBER OF AMPOULES PER 1,000 INHABITANTS) |
92 |
|
Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormones |
92 |
|
Recombinant Follicle-…(Continued) |
93 |
|
Gonadotropin, Chorionic |
94 |
|
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist |
95 |
|
Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist |
95 |
|
Goserelin Acetate |
96 |
|
Leuprolide Acetate |
96 |
|
Menotropins |
97 |
|
Nafarelin Acetate |
98 |
|
Ovidrel/Ovitrelle |
98 |
|
Progesterone |
98 |
|
Progesterone (Continued) |
99 |
|
Quinestrol |
100 |
|
Urofollitropin |
100 |
|
The Global Market for Fertility Drugs |
101 |
|
Table 37 GLOBAL SALES OF SELECTED FERTILITY DRUGS, THROUGH 2011 |
102 |
|
Table 38 GEOGRAPHIC SHARES OF INFERTILITY PHARMACEUTICALS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
102 |
|
Leading Global Marketers of Fertility Drugs |
102 |
|
Figure 8 INFERTILITY DRUGS: GLOBAL SUPPLIER MARKET SHARES, 2005 (PERCENT) |
103 |
|
Fertility Drugs in Development |
104 |
|
Table 39 FERTILITY DRUGS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT |
104 |
|
FSH-CTP |
104 |
|
Visanne |
105 |
|
Vitropin |
105 |
|
Ovarian Implants as a Treatment for Infertility |
105 |
|
THYROID DISEASE |
106 |
|
HYPERTHYROIDISM |
107 |
|
Drugs Used to Treat Hyperthyroidism |
108 |
|
The Market for Drugs to Treat Hyperthyroidism |
109 |
|
Table 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS TO TREAT HYPERTHYRODISM, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
109 |
|
Products in Development for the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism |
110 |
|
HYPOTHYROIDISM |
110 |
|
Drugs Used to Treat Hypothyroidism |
111 |
|
Table 41 DRUGS USED TO TREAT HYPOTHYROIDISM |
112 |
|
Levothyroxine |
112 |
|
Liothyronine |
112 |
|
Liotrix |
113 |
|
Natural Thyroid |
113 |
|
Synthroid Gains FDA Approval Decades After its Market Introduction |
113 |
|
The Market for Prescription Drugs to Treat Hypothyroidism |
114 |
|
Table 42 GLOBAL SALES OF SELECTED DRUGS TO TREAT HYPOTHYROIDISM, THROUGH 2011 |
114 |
|
Prescription Products in Development for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism |
114 |
|
METABOLIC DISEASES - APPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS |
115 |
|
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
115 |
|
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
115 |
|
Table 43 CLASSES OF LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS |
115 |
|
Table 43 (CONTINUED) |
116 |
|
Bile Acid-Binding Resins |
117 |
|
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
117 |
|
U.S. Marketed Statin Drugs |
117 |
|
Table 44 STATIN DRUGS AVAILABLE GLOBALLY AND THEIR GENERIC AVAILABILITY IN THE U.S. |
118 |
|
Fibric Acids |
118 |
|
Nicotinic Acid and Derivatives |
118 |
|
Probucol |
119 |
|
Currently Marketed Antihyperlipidemic Drugs |
119 |
|
Table 45 ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS ON THE MARKET |
119 |
|
Table 45 (CONTINUED) |
120 |
|
Leading Products |
120 |
|
Combination Products |
121 |
|
Research and Development |
121 |
|
Statin Drugs Show Promise in Treating Prostate Cancer |
121 |
|
The Entry of Generic Versions of Blockbuster Cholesterol Drugs |
121 |
|
Blockbuster Cholesterol Drugs (Continued) |
122 |
|
The Medicare (Part D) Drug Benefit and Statin Drugs |
123 |
|
THE MARKET FOR PRESCRIPTION DRUGS TO TREAT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
123 |
|
Table 46 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS TO TREAT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
124 |
|
Table 47 U.S. MARKET FOR PRODUCTS TO TREAT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
124 |
|
PRODUCTS IN DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
125 |
|
Table 48 SELECTED DRUGS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND RELATED CONDITIONS |
125 |
|
AGI-1067 |
126 |
|
Avasimibe |
126 |
|
CETi-1 |
127 |
|
ETC-216 |
127 |
|
ETC-588 |
127 |
|
ETC-642 |
128 |
|
FM-VP4 |
128 |
|
KS 01-019 |
128 |
|
Lipitor/Torcetrapib |
128 |
|
MK-524B |
129 |
|
OBESITY |
129 |
|
MARKETED DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY |
129 |
|
Meridia |
129 |
|
Xenical |
130 |
|
Other Products |
130 |
|
THE MARKET FOR DRUGS TO TREAT OBESITY |
131 |
|
Table 49 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRESCRIPTION PRODUCTS TO TREAT OBESITY BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
131 |
|
Table 50 U.S. MARKET FOR PRESCRIPTION PRODUCTS TO TREAT OBESITY, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS) |
132 |
|
DRUGS IN DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY |
132 |
|
Cannabinoid (CB1) Antagonists |
133 |
|
Table 51 DRUGS IN PHASE II OR LATER DEVELOPMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY |
134 |
|
Acomplia |
134 |
|
ADP356 |
136 |
|
AOD9604 |
137 |
|
ATL-962 |
137 |
|
Cetilistat |
137 |
|
CP 945598 |
137 |
|
GI 181771 |
138 |
|
HMR 1426 |
138 |
|
P 57 |
138 |
|
Peptide YY3-36 |
138 |
|
S-2367 |
138 |
|
Symlin |
139 |
|
Tesofensine |
139 |
|
TM30338 |
140 |
|
Drugs for Other Indications Prescribed Off-Label for the Treatment of Obesity |
140 |
|
Discontinued Products in Development |
140 |
|
GlaxoSmithKline Submits Application for an Over-the-Counter Version of Xenical |
140 |
|
COMPANY PROFILES |
141 |
|
ABBOTT LABORATORIES |
141 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
141 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
141 |
|
PRODUCTS |
141 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
142 |
|
AMYLIN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. |
142 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
143 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
143 |
|
PRODUCTS |
143 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
144 |
|
ARENA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. |
144 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
145 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
145 |
|
PRODUCTS |
145 |
|
Table 52 ARENA PHARMACEUTICALS DRUG-DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE |
146 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
146 |
|
ATHEROGENICS, INC. |
147 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
147 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
147 |
|
PRODUCTS |
147 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
148 |
|
BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB |
149 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
149 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
149 |
|
PRODUCTS |
149 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
150 |
|
FERRING PHARMACEUTICALS AS |
150 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
150 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
151 |
|
GLAXOSMITHKLINE, PLC |
151 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
151 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
152 |
|
PRODUCTS |
152 |
|
KING PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. |
152 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
152 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
152 |
|
PRODUCTS |
153 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
153 |
|
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. |
154 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
154 |
|
PRODUCTS |
154 |
|
CORPORATE STRATEGY |
155 |
|
MERCK & COMPANY, INC. |
156 |
|
BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
156 |
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
156 |
|
PRODUCTS |
156 |
